Boiler



July 7, 1931. G. I AsKER 1,813,058

BOILEH Filed Aug. 29, 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 QQ- -3/ 37a are wwf/y July7, 1931. G. L AsKER 1,813,058

BOILER Filed Aug. 29. 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 George LaSZe/r July 7, 1931.G,V| A5KER 1,813,058

BOILER y ledAug. 29, 1929 6 sheets-Sheet 4 July 7, 1931. G. LAsKx-:R1,813,058

BOILER Filed Aug. 29. 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 am a 6 3 July 7, 1931. G,LASKER 1,813,058

BOILER Filed Aug. 29, 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Patented .uly 7, 1931jenoreniesnnn. F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS BOILER. f), .y

iiraNT orifice Application ined Agustae, 192e.'` semina. 389,190.

My invention relates to boilers vand Ymore particularly iti-relates-to-y water.V tube boilers in 'combination' with down draft furnaces,wherein the boiler,V comprises a plurali-ty of '5 drums'interconnectedby a system of-` pipes and tubes so arranged that separation of thesteam from the water as rapidly as itis generated is accomplished bygravity. -Ellicient operation of a boilerof this type requires that theunevaporated water be` recirculated and again subjected-tothe furnaceheat and that the steam as it is generated be preventedfromfre'circulating'and be caused to travel upwardlyto a storageclruni-or the like through take off tubessuitably provided for thatpurpose. Y s

One of the objects of the'invention is the provision in a boiler ofY'improved means operable to utilize gravity in separating nn- 0-evaporated water from steam, wherebythe water is caused to recirculateand the steam is suitably separated from theboiler `Wat-er and preventedfrom recirculating therewith. y The .invention contemplates a verticallyelongated down draft combustion chamber having its inner side wallslined with tubes to form awater cooled wall, the lengths of the portionsof the tubes so exposed to the furnace heat, as well-as theirspacing,vbeing proportionately varied. in accordance with thetemperature and rate ofcombustion in that particular zone; and anotherObjectis to produce an arrangement and spacing of boiler tubes whichresults in suitably cooling the walls of the furnace in accordance withthe'temperatures of the particular adjoining zone. Y

yA further object of the invention is to provide va system of pipes soarranged that the furnace wall is water cooled regardless of the size orshape of thel furnace.v Still anothervobject of the invention istheprovision of an improved arrangement of systems of tubes whichinterconnect a plurality` ofdrums whereby the .tubes are so eX- posed'tothe furnace heat that evaporation ofthe waterl is economicallyveffected.r

A still further object of theinvention is the provision of an improveddowndraft furnace having its burning zone in the top lof the combustionychamber and an incandescent or zoneof maximum temperature in the midportionofthe chamber, thereby utilizing the principle of 'moving theheavier. gasesl in a downward Vdirection and replacing them by 5 thehotter "gases of the upper zone in combinationwith an arrangement oftubes in the side walls-which are alternately intermittent andcontinuousto provide a'fspacing in accordance with the temperaturesoftheadja- 5U Cent zones.- c, Y

-Many'other objects and advantages of the construction herein shown anddescribed will be obvious to those skilled in the art from thedescription herein given. To this end my invention consists inthe novelconstruction, arrangement and combination of parts hereinshownanddescribed, and more particularly pointed'out in the claims. *Invthe drawings, wherein likereference charactersindicate like orcorresponding parts; J f Y- F 1 is a top plan view of a preferred formef boiler Iconstruction embodying the principles-of my invention; Y "JFig. 2 vis an elevational view of the furnace andthefexterior portion ofthe boiler con,- struction, the view being takenk along lines transversetothe drums forming a part of the -boi-lerY construction Q0 Y Fig. 3 isan elevational view along a line parallel with the drums; K- v f' Fig. 4isa sectional view along the line 4-4 of-Fig. l; Y

5vis a sectional view along the line "l5 'w'aof Figrl;

Fig. 6 is a large scalesectional view along the l-ine 6*(5 of Fig. 2;and

\ Fig. /is a fragmentary vertical sectional view through the lowerportion of the boiler Q3 andfurnace showing details of an alternativeyform of furnace construction.

' Referring now to the drawings,1 have probottom wallslfand 17 Thewalls, roofgvand 1'1" `bottom of the furnace are all'constructed of anysuitable fire resisting materiah In the roofl are a plurality of intakepipes 26,

` the midportion of thefurnace to providea through'which air powderedcoal, gas or any v.suitable fuelfmay .be fed into the furnace'.

rlhe slopingbottomwall 17 stops short of passageway 2"? orthegases andotherprode chamber.` The quiet chamber 23 is enclosed by opposi-telypositioned vertical end walls? 24 and side walls 25. TheV heavier'cooling gases after emerging from vthe''passageway f Y27,passi-underneath adruin.1V 33,and; up bel ing fuel and.gasesjcominggfrom- :the pipes.

Y high temperature Zone is tween the-bale-plate pand-the sloping-.wall

ilicient.y air. .is

demands for ordinaryfoperationT-of 4iaiboiler and t meetthefintaldemandsfOr-'intensif fied combustione. gli/lore intense combustion isaccomplished by l feeding air under pressure through horizontalL.tubes-4Q-x The tubes `et@ ing' therefrom! :with `vthe downwardlytravelrjhe ainunder pressure unites :with theinitial gasesof combustionandthemixturels caused to descend and whirlaboutitheouterwallsoftheffurnace forming [a vortex-'as they de- 1 scend, vLwiththe result thatan incandescent:` or2 nacelO. A y, i The zone; of.:maximum temperature is lo-y ycated substantially lmidway between-'the.;,up-y

perand lower ends of the furnace 1,0.;-` Since the draft isdownward,fthe invention :utilizes .the principle-,ot movingjthe heaviergases-finv e downward drectsm andfdsplacngthem with'the hotter gasesotthe upper zone. *The lower portionot' thefurnace .provides a Zone Ythecharnber 23 to theiiiue.

of lower` temperature .than that of the midvdlespzone.v Y., The quietchamber 23` provides af receptacle forthe precipitation of dust and lineparticles of ash beforefthe gases leave the furnacethrough the outletl9-'leadingfrom The .drum 33 is--positioned near the centr-firoffthe-quietxchamber23 and is connectedto a pair lof oppositelypositioned drums 3l and 32,1bya plurality oftubes 34,.'- The'chamberstracted `:tron-ithe fly-ing ash carried by the gases, followed: bynatural precipitation v of the-ash before theg'cooled" gaseslhavegescaped .l Y through the outlet 19.5' The-drum,33projectsthroughandis supported'by the end walls 24 ctt-he.quiet'chambr 2.3;.)The drums Bland o Yben 10. are so positioned asto discharge adjacentthe'. A gy pipes [26, therebymergingthejair discharge 32 are positionedon the top of the side Walls of the quie-t chamber 23 and are connectedi by a pairof horizontally extending pipes 35a Vpositioned one at eachend of thedrumsf- Y Y Four vertical pipes or columns 38 are positior'iedone at each corner ofthe furnace or comtmstionschamberl 10, The pipes 38are -supported bythe drums 31 `and 132 and eX- tend upwardlyfontheuoutsideV of and substantially to the top of the furnace 10'. The

sta-ndpipes o-rco-lumns 38 are connected in n pairsV by a plurality ofhorizontal pipes 36a, 1365', 360, and 36d, which vare parallel to thedrums and A 32. The stand-pipes 38 are also'ccnneeted'in pairs byaplurality of ho=rizontal pipes extending transversely tothe-directionoffthe drumsV 31/a-ndf-32, hthe pipes iberingnumbered: 356, 35e, 35d,and 35e., vrespee-i tively, Thus thefounstandepipesBS, which e. c, ,iare positioned;entheoutside ojizthefurnaoe, Y, l K n v admitted.1,withotheffuel; 1 thrOugh @lawines-261:0 meet the Combustionfour.'horizontallylextendingfpipes,the stands.

pipgeslanjd horizontal pipes together for-ming anfinterconnectedsystemof steamfand 4'Water conduits surrounding the: combustion cham-,i

The drum 7.30, which .isf positioned yat, the, topf of the combustionchamber 'i 10 iis conf. nec-ted with the horizontal fpipes..35by aplurality ci 'tubes 37 which project .radially :trom the Vends off thedrum .and turn, down` wardly. flihe Ylower vendsl of 'the tubes, 137.fare connectedwith, the,pipes;,35.b,r35c, 3565,:a'1'1dA 35e;k y.

f'he tubes. 3,7Y which? connect the lends oi the, drum v Vwith .thehorizontal pipes `35 are arr ranged c in.- groups in, accordance ,with v.their terminalpfconnections, each -pipeofl a group beingy given Athesame numeral and subscript as; all other pipesI of the; grouptl. Tubes3K6 connect the pipes Z2rwith the endpfqthe drinn ,30. Tub es 370connect A:the #horizont-al, pipes: 35fwith thedr-um 30.V Thetubes 37dsimilarly connect the pipes 35d withthe drum 3C) anl-the .pipes 37evlikewiseconnect the upf;

perpipe35e-with thedruiny ,l J v f 1j'. Theg drumY ,30 is Y also l1connected ythe horizontal pipes 35, by a. n plurality .of ltubes 39,-scme ofv .which connectthe drum with the pipes 3604,;z others with Vthe-pipes 3612-,y and still others with the pipes 350. The tubes-3,9,vwhich connect the pipes-36a with A the (drum 30 are given ithesubscript:9a-2.l 'llheltubessl which conne-ct the pipes 36-withthe drum .30v

Vare given the subscriptfb?; 1 Similarly, ,theJ

drum BQ/aregiven the subscript ,Fe. Y

tubes 3 9 {connectingg the,Y pipes `,36e-:with ithe liv() t Theinteriore vertically eXtendingtub-es-l" which line-*the 'sidewalls lland13k are given the general number1 5l wi-th suitable subsl scriptsindicating f their; positions", The, tubes the corresponding horizontalffpipesg 35a are opposite side walls 12 and 14 of the comb-ustionchamber are designated by thenumeral 52 with suitable subscriptsindicating their position and the particular pipes or drums which theyconnect. The tubes 52 which connect the pipes a with the corre-VVspending horizontal pipe 350 are given the subscript a. The tubes 52which connect the horizontal pipes 355 with the horizontal pipes 35dhave the subscript b. The tubes 52 which connect the pipes 350 with thepipes 35e are given the subscript c and such tubes 52 as connect thepipes 35e with the drum 30 have the subscript d.

placing the tubes 51 and 52 1n the side walls of the furnace in'bothcontinuous and intermittent relation with the close spacing arranged` inthat portion of the furnace boundingr the incandescent zone and thewider or lintermittent spacings in the relatively cool portions of thefurnace, a maximum transfer of heat from each zone of the furnace to thesurrounding pipes results. The close spacing of the pipes in theincandescent zone and the wider spacings in the cooler zones keep thefurnace walls properly cooled.

A plurality of tubes 39a, 395', and 39e similarly connect the drum 30with the pipes 36a,

- 365, 36e, and 36d, in accordance with an arthe exterior of the furnacewalls and some `on the interior of the furnace walls are all connected,so as to form a complete boiler system in'which the water contained inthe interior tubes isv subjected to a temperature which changes it tosteam, the steam being separated from the water by gravity. VThe drum 33which is positioned in the quiet `chamber 23 performs the function of aneconomizer Vand also as a vessel for the precipitation of impurities,the water contained therein being raised toa" moderate degreeoftemperature by the relatively cool gases which pass over and under thedrum on their way to the llue outlet 19. It is obvious that there is aconstant interchange of water between the drums 31 and 32 and the drum33, the newly admitted cool water coming through the drums 32 andflowing by gravity downward to the drum' 33.

The interior tubes 51 and 52 project through the side walls of thefurnace 10 to form connections, some with alternate adjacent horizontalpipes 35 and 36 andy others at one end with one of such pipes and at theother end with one or the other of the drums 30, 31, or 32. The interiortubes 51 and 52 are spaced in accordance with the temperature of theadjoining portion or zone of the furnace, the spacing being closest atthe middle or incandescent zone. The spacing of the pipes is thus variedto provide water cooled walls and to most efficiently heat the water andsteam contained in the tubes. The generated steam is trapped in thehorizontal pipes 35 and 36 and carried upwardly to the drum 30 by thetubes 37 and 39. Water is admitted to the system through drum 32 by apipe 45 which discharges into an overflow trough 46 located in the drum.The generated steam is discharged from the drum 30 by a plurality ofoutlet pipes 47.

A. T he temperature of the water increases as it circulates through thetubes 28 and 34 and the interior tubes 51 and 52, whereby some of it isevaporated and escapes as steam from the lower horizontal pipes 35 and36 through the exterior tubes 37 and 39. Some of the .upper horizontalpipes 35 and 36 and is similarly conveyed to the drum 33. The interiortubes 51 and 52 are so arranged as to permit a constant separation ofthe steam from the water by gravity and a circulation of the waterthrough the horizontal pipes and vertical tubes until it is generatedintosteam and escapes into the drum 30 through the eX- terior tubes 37and 39.

In Fig. 7 an alternative embodiment of the invention is shown whichdiffers from the embodiment already described in the construction of thebottom walls separating the combustion chamber 10 from the quiet cham-'i ber 33. The bottom wall comprises a section 2O extending from thedrum 32 to the drum 33, The section 21, positioned between the drums 31anc 33 is connected at its lower edge with a horizont-al portion 22. Theupper edge of the bottom wall section 34 terminates short of the drum 31thereby providing a passageway for the descending gases to escape fromthe furnace 10 into the quiet chamber 23. |The gases after entering thechamber 23 travel downwardly and transversely under the drum 33 andthence up past the baffle plate 18 esca-ping through an ape-rture 19into a chimney not shown). In this arrangement of the quiet chamber, thegases With-ftherdovvnvc/ardly extending tub-es `The'water in .thetubes'34 isrelatively of ilovvertemperature! than the gases that escape Y*into-the; quietV chamber 23. Thesefgas'es, as vtheytravel'betvv'eenfthe tubesa, transfer a portion of their heat tothetubes; As a rev ysult,'this arrangement of a Hoor or a partitionvfbetvveen the furnacev lOAand the chamber 23 tends tomaximumeliciency in:exchange of heat Yfrom the furnace 4to the boiler tubes.

f Thus it Will be seen that l'have provided'a down draughtfurnace andboiler incombination, in which the separation of steam and vWater isaccomplished by gravity,` thepipes *comprising the' boiler beingarranged in par- .'allel relation with' the maximum; spacing of thepipespositionedin thelm'iddle incan' descent zonerof the. furnace, thespacingof the pipes at-the upper. and lovver ends of the furnacebeingless than in the middle. Y

' Havingthus described,V my invention, it is -iobvious that variousimmaterial modifications may be madey in the same Without departin fromthe spirit of myinvention; hence do not-Wishto be understood as l11n1t-.ing myself to the exact form, construction and arrangementof 'partsherein shown and pdescribed',oruses mentioned. v Y Vhat l claim as 'newand desireto secure A4byliette'rs Patent is: v n L i' "1. Thecombination with a down' Vdrafty fur- Vnace of a boiler constructioncomp-rising a pluraity of verticalstand-pipes, a'system of horizontalpipes and drums connected With the' stand-pipes,v saidy stand-p=ipes andholriyzontal pipes beingpositioned outside ofthe furnace, anda-system ofverticaltubes po-` sitioned a-boutthe interior vvallsof said furnace,said tubesv having their ends projectrv'ing throughrthe furnace Wallsand connecting 'iv/1th said horizontal pipes. f

an uppersteani storage tank, aplurality of vertical `stand-pipes, asystem of horizontal Ypipes and vdrums connected With the standpipes,.each of said stand-pipesbeing connect- ",ed atit's base 'With one ofsaid horizontal, fdr'ums'and having a plurality of horizontal Vpipesconnectingit'vvith 'the adjacent stand- 'pipes, said horizontal pipesandfstancbpipes y beingf positioned on the-exterior of the fur-'f nace,a plurality'of tubes connecting each of 'said horizontal pipes with.said Ystorage tank and a plurality of vertically extending tubes liningthe interior Walls Aof the furf nace, said vertically extending tubeshaving Cltheir-ends projecting through the furnace v Walls andconnectedfwith vsaid-horizontal. Y pipes. y v ff 3'. vThecombinati-onwith al dovvn dra-ft furnaceof a boiler constructioncomprising anv fr'. upper steam rstorage tank, aplurality of verticalstand-pipes, a system ofho'rizontal pipes y and vdrums connectedWith-thestand-Vpipes,

V`each of said vstando-pipesbeingV connectedr--at `'its base with one ofsaid-horizontal drums vand having a plurality l offhorizontal-pipes4plurality of tub-es connecting each of said f horizontal pipes Withsaid lstorage tankpand a plurality of vertically extending tubes liningthe interior Walls of the'furnace, said vertically extending tubeshavingtheir `ends projecting through the furnace walls and yconnectedsome'with alternate horizontal pipes and some at one end With one Lofsaid horizontal drums and at the other end VWith one ofsaidhorizontalpipes. Y IV ,f

4.' The combination with adofwn draft furnace of a. boilerconstructi'oncomprising an upper Asteam storage tank, a plurality of"verticaljstand-pipes, a system-of horizontal pipes and drums connectedWith ythe standpipes, each of said standpipesbeing'icon-` neeted at 'itsbase with one of'said horizontal drums and having 'a plurality` ofhorizontal pipes connecting it With'the adjacent stand- VVpipes, ysaidyhorizontal pipes and lstand-pipes ybeing-positioned on the exteriorofthe furnace, a plurality of tubes connecting-each of said horizontalvpipesvvvith said storage tank yand a plurality lof verticallyjextending:tubes liningA the interiorv Walls 'ofY the/'furnace,` saidverticallyiextending'tubes having` their ends projecting'through ythefur- -i nace Wallsand connected, some. vvith alternate horizontal pipesandsome l'atione end withl one of said horizontaly pipes A'and at theother end With saidsteamfstorage'tank, s

i 5.x The combination Vwith a dovvndraft fur-- nace vof a boiler'constructioncomprising an upper steam storage, tank, a plurality of v Is 'j vertical stand-pipes, 'a'system of 'horizontal 2. The' combinationwith, a down draft furnace ofl a boiler construction' comp-rising pipesand drums connectedy Withfthe standypipes, each of'said` standpipesbeingoon- Y nected at its base With-lone offsaid horizontal fdrums andhavingja plurality of horizontal pipes connecting it vWiththe-'adjacentstandpipes, said horizontal pipes 'and stand-pipes and a plurality ofvertically extending tubes lining the interior Walls L of Y the furnace,

said verticallyv extendingVA tubes having.

their ends projectingthroughlthe fur- With alternate horizontal `pipes,others., at

one end Withy one ofy said'horizontal drums and at'the otherendzvvith aVhorizontal pipe and still others'of saidvertically-,extending tubesbeing connected'at vone endwvithfone of said horizontal pipes andat the.,other'end With said steam storagetank.; Y i l 6. v'riaeplatinanon wata 'down draft-'fue vnace Walls 'and connectedsome atgeachA end nace of aboiler construction comprising an upper steam storage tank, a lowerprecipitating tank, a plurality of horizontal drums positioned in thefurnace walls intermediate said upper and lower tanks, a plurality ofvertical stand-pipes connected with said horizontal drums, a pluralityof horizontal pipes connecting said stand-pipes, said horizontal pipesand stand-pipes being located on the outside of the furnace and aplurality of vertically extending tubes lining the interior walls of thefurnace and interconnecting said storage tank, horizontal pipes, drumsand precipitating tank, said tubes having their ends projecting throughthe furnace walls to connect with said horizontal pipes.

7 The combination with a down draft furnace of a boiler constructioncomprising an upper steam sto-rage tank, a lower precipitating tank, aplurality of horizontal drums positioned in the furnace wallsintermediate said upper and lower tanks, a plurality of verticalstand-pipes connected with said horn zontal drums, a plurality ofhorizontal pipes connecting said stand-pipes, said horizontal pipes andstand-pipes being located on the outside of the furnace and a pluralityof vertically extending tubes lining the interior walls of the furnaceand interconnecting said storage tank, horizontal pipes and horizontaldrums, said tubes being spaced relatively close at the middle zone ofthe furnace, and further apart in the upper and lower zones.

8. A down draft furnace having rectangular cross sect-ion, a pair ofdrums oppositely positioned in side walls of the furnace, a stand-pipeat each corner of the furnace, said stand-pipes each being mounted on anend of said drums and extending upwardly on the exterior of the furnace,a plurality of spaced apart substantially horizontal pipes positioned onthe exterior of each side wall of the furnace and connected at each endwith one of said stand-pipes, and a plurality of vertically extendingtubes lining each of the interior walls of the furnace and terminating Yi in the horizontal pipes on the exterior of said wall.

9. A down draft furnace having a rectangular cross section, a pair ofdrums oppositely positioned in side walls of the furnace. a stand-pipeat each corner of the furnace, said stand-pipes each being mounted on anend of said drums and extending upwardly on the exterior of the furnace,a plurality of spaced apart substantially horizontal pipes positioned onthe exterior of each side wall of the furnace and connected at each endwith one of said stand-pipes, a plurality ofY vertically -extendingtubes lining each of the in- Y teriorwalls of the furnace andterminating in the horizontal pipes on the exterior of said wall, and aplurality of tubes connecting said horizontal pipes with said storagetank. f l0. The combination 'with a down draft furnace of a boilerconstruction comprising an uppersteam storage tank, a plurality ofvertical stand-pipes, a system of horizontal pipes and drums connectedwith the stand-pipes, each of said stand-pipes being connected at itsbase with one of said horizontal drumsand having a plurality of saidhorizontal pipes connecting it with the ladjacent stand-pipes, saidhorizontal pipes and stand-pipes being positioned on the exvtcriorof thefurnace, a pluralityy of tubes con'- necting each of said horizontalpipes with said storage tank and a plurality of vertically extendingtubes lining the interior walls of the furnace, said verticallyextending tubes having their ends projecting through the furnace wallsand connected with said horizontal pipes, ya feed pipe connected withone of said drums and a steam discharge line connected with said storagetank.`

11. A down draft furnace having an upper and a lower chamber separatedby a plurality of tubes arranged to form a V shaped partition, one sidewall of the lower chamber having an outlet opening adjacent saidpartition, and a system of baffles arranged to direct the gases from theupper chamber into the lower chamber between the tubes forming one sideof said partition and into said lower chamber and thence to direct thegases upwardly in contact with the tubes forming the other side of saidpartition and thence through said outlet opening.

12. A down draft furnace having an upper and a lower chamber separatedby a V shaped boiler section, said boiler section comprising a pair ofdrums mounted in the side walls of the furnace, a third drum between andbelow said pair of drums, a plurality of tubes connecting said thirddrum with each of said pair of drums and a system of baiiles arranged todirect the downwardly descending gases between the inclined tubesforming one side of said partition and upwardly between the inclinedtubes forming the opposite side of said partition.

13. A down draft furnace having an upperk and a lower chamber separatedby a plurality of tubes arranged to form a V shaped partition, aplurality of vertically extending tubes forming a lining for the sidewalls of the upper chamber, one side wall of the lower chamber having anoutlet opening adjacent said partition, and a system of baffles arrangedto direct the gases from the upper chamber into the lower chamberbetween the tubes forming the side of said partition opposite to saidopening and thence to direct the gases upwardly in contact with thetubes forming the other side of said partition and thence through saidoutlet opening.

14. A down draft furnace having an upper and a lower chamber separatedby a plurality of tubes arranged to form a V shaped 'partitien, aplurality of verticaliy extending tubes `W Lao 6v Y' v e telaraa'orn'n'ngxay lining .forthe:sideiwzrllsofithe Y e lupper 7chamber; :aA:pair L of oppositely posi-v f v tioned drums withgwhich said-partitiontubes are ,conneotedat l. `theirripper hends and a v f 5nflddledriiin.Withwhioh said partit-ion tubes nre: connected; at theirlower ends,one side ,Wallfof che` lower .chamber havingfan .outletopening adjacent said partitionyandn AAsysternof baffles arrxngedftoidirect they .gases I i110 from "the .uppercharrrber into thelowencham.- Y berzbetweenthe tubesformingonesdeofzsaid .partition and;thencefto', adireot the ges .up-k 'Wrdly.inleont'actwth the tubesforming the J A'other v.iside of sad ,partition ,and .thence1,355thronglilsadontletopening., e x

in; Witness Whereoif'l hereunto z.subscribe my'na'methis:27th-.dayoffgustyAiD; 1,929. i 1.-; 1. LASKER.

'L55 Y i

